,The,speed,of,rotation,was,30,000,r.p.m.,The,,impact,,of,,the,,steam,,on,,the,,curved,,turbine,,blades,,causes,,the,,turbine,,rotor,,to,,turn.,,Gas,,,dynamics,,,are,,,therefore,,,quite,,,different,,,from,,,hydrodynamics,,,,however,,,the,,,conservation,,,of,,,energy,,,principle,,,still,,,holds,,,for,,,both,,,fluids,,,and,,,Bernoulli's,,,Law,,,indicates,,,that,,,kinetic,,,energy,,,of,,,a,,,gas,,,increases,,,as,,,pressure,,,energy,,,falls.,,,They,were,curved,in,cross,section,with,a,sharpened,leading,edge,and,a,thickened,back,section.,For,,most,,practical,,applications,,the,,speed,,must,,be,,geared,,down.,,,,The,,original,,de,,Laval,,turbine,,had,,a,,single,,stage,,rotor,,which,,was,,used,,as,,a,,test,,bed,,to,,try,,out,,different,,numbers,,and,,different,,designs,,of,,nozzles.,,

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Despite,the,introduction,of,many,alternative,technologies,in,the,intervening,120,years,,over,80,percent,of,the,world's,electricity,is,still,generated,by,steam,turbines,driving,rotary,generators.,Image,Copyright,-,Science,Museum/Science,&,Society,Picture,Library,Steam,Turbine,Working,Principles,High,pressure,steam,is,fed,through,a,set,of,fixed,nozzles,in,the,turbine,stator,to,the,turbine,rotor,(runner),and,passes,along,the,machine,axis,through,multiple,rows,of,alternately,fixed,and,moving,blades.,Since,,then,,,apart,,from,,getting,,bigger,,,turbine,,design,,has,,hardly,,changed,,and,,Parson's,,original,,design,,would,,not,,look,,out,,of,,place,,today.,,Hero's,Aeolipile,Public,domain,.,Unfortunately,,,no,,,original,,,examples,,,remain.,,,Impulse,,turbines,,are,,therefore,,also,,known,,as,,constant,,pressure,,turbines.,,Increasing,the,velocity,of,the,steam,by,means,of,a,flared,nozzle,output,orifice,may,seem,counter-intuitive,since,water,flows,faster,through,a,constricted,part,of,a,stream,or,a,pipe,and,squeezing,the,end,of,a,hosepipe,causes,the,water,to,squirt,out,in,a,long,,fast,jet.,,,The,,Steam,,Turbine,,as,,a,,Heat,,Engine,,Steam,,turbine,,systems,,are,,essentially,,heat,,engines,,for,,converting,,heat,,energy,,into,,mechanical,,energy,,by,,alternately,,vaporising,,and,,condensing,,a,,working,,fluid,,in,,a,,process,,in,,a,,closed,,system,,known,,as,,the,,Rankine,,cycle.,,The,,vapour,,leaving,,the,,turbine,,is,,then,,condensed,,and,,pumped,,back,,in,,liquid,,form,,as,,feed,,to,,the,,evaporator.,,

Impulse,,turbines,,are,,also,,compounded,,in,,a,,similar,,way,,however,,most,,turbines,,use,,a,,combination,,of,,impulse,,and,,reaction,,stages.,,(Robert,Morrison),texts,eye,2,770,favorite,1,comment,0,Source:,Northeastern,University,Libraries,3,077,3.1K,Steam,turbines,Apr,2,,2009,04/09,by,Church,,Edwin,Fayette,,b.,This,,means,,that,,the,,cross,,section,,of,,the,,steam,,passages,,between,,both,,sets,,of,,fixed,,and,,rotor,,blades,,increases,,across,,the,,turbine,,stage.,,Conventional,,,Energy,,,Generation.,,,The,condenser,is,an,essential,component,necessary,for,maximising,the,efficiency,of,the,steam,engine,by,maximising,the,temperature,difference,of,the,working,fluid,in,the,machine.,

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